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Egyptian FM holds calls with Iranian counterpart , U.S. Envoy on regional developmentsZverev into French Open last-fourIsraeli fire kills four people in Gaza, medics sayEgypt, Singapore discuss expanding cooperation in tourism, antiquitiesAncelotti eases Neymar W. Cup fearsArab, Islamic states condemn Israeli actions at Al-AqsaSyria Hopes for Terrorism Delisting to Spur Economic RecoveryBenfica linked with Fulham’s SilvaVan der Breggen takes Giro leadKremlin: Saudi Arabia Named Guest of Honor at St. Petersburg Economic ForumTrump administration proposes 25% tariff to punish Brazil over trade practicesرياضة محلية‘Really cool to share this journey with her’: Michelle Wie West playing for her family at U.S. Women’s OpenArchaeological Replicas Showcase Saudi Arabia’s Rich History at Kuala Lumpur Int’l Book FairRenewable Energy Helps Red Sea Global Avoid 118,000 Tons of Carbon EmissionsLetter: Carol Rumens obituaryEngland v India: third and deciding women’s T20 cricket international – liveHealthVolunteers serve comfort food in a worrying Ebola outbreak – Sault Michigan NewsEconomyTrump signs AI executive order asking companies to give government early access to modelsVarietySouth West Water fined nearly £2million after supplying homes with parasite-ridden water that left four people in hospital – and telling people it was safe to drinkScience & TechYour car is following you – how to reclaim your data privacy on the open roadEgyptian FM holds calls with Iranian counterpart , U.S. Envoy on regional developmentsZverev into French Open last-fourIsraeli fire kills four people in Gaza, medics sayEgypt, Singapore discuss expanding cooperation in tourism, antiquitiesAncelotti eases Neymar W. Cup fearsArab, Islamic states condemn Israeli actions at Al-AqsaSyria Hopes for Terrorism Delisting to Spur Economic RecoveryBenfica linked with Fulham’s SilvaVan der Breggen takes Giro leadKremlin: Saudi Arabia Named Guest of Honor at St. Petersburg Economic ForumTrump administration proposes 25% tariff to punish Brazil over trade practicesرياضة محلية‘Really cool to share this journey with her’: Michelle Wie West playing for her family at U.S. Women’s OpenArchaeological Replicas Showcase Saudi Arabia’s Rich History at Kuala Lumpur Int’l Book FairRenewable Energy Helps Red Sea Global Avoid 118,000 Tons of Carbon EmissionsLetter: Carol Rumens obituaryEngland v India: third and deciding women’s T20 cricket international – liveHealthVolunteers serve comfort food in a worrying Ebola outbreak – Sault Michigan NewsEconomyTrump signs AI executive order asking companies to give government early access to modelsVarietySouth West Water fined nearly £2million after supplying homes with parasite-ridden water that left four people in hospital – and telling people it was safe to drinkScience & TechYour car is following you – how to reclaim your data privacy on the open road

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US dollar50.87EGPEuro59.06EGPBritish pound68.90EGPSaudi riyal13.57EGPUAE dirham13.85EGPKuwaiti dinar164.74EGPJordanian dinar71.75EGPQatari riyal13.98EGPTurkish lira1.05EGPChinese yuan7.55EGPGold 247,081.34EGP/gGold 216,196.18EGP/gGold 185,311.01EGP/gSilver105.05EGP/g

Middle East

كيف تطور النظام الدفاعي للشرق الأوسط؟

By القدس العربي · 37 minutes ago · 1 min read القدس العربي ↗

كيف تطور النظام الدفاعي للشرق الأوسط؟

لم يكن مصطلح «الشرق الأوسط»، أو «الشرق الأدنى» يعبر عن هوية سياسية لمجموعة الدول الواقعة بين الخليج والبحر المتوسط، حتى الحرب العالمية الأولى، فقد كانت تلك المنطقة تتكون من ولايات تابعة للإمبراطورية العثمانية. صحيح أن بعض حكام هذه الولايات وأهمهم محمد علي في مصر، أقام علاقات مستقلة مع الدول الأوروبية، وخاض حروبا ضد الدولة العثمانية، […]

المصدر: القدس العربي

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